Once we own a particular portfolio company or asset, we monitor material ESG issues and assess opportunities to generate value from ESG initiatives and growth markets. We support portfolio companies to both evaluate ESG issues related to their businesses and develop their own internal capacity to manage these issues and opportunities, if not already in place. Our goal is to provide distinct resources that allow portfolio companies to develop ESG and impact approaches beyond what they may have otherwise: capital injections to upgrade equipment and advance R&D, support from our dedicated internal ESG professionals, connections to leading experts in ESG issues in their sector, institutional knowledge of best practices and reporting, and the leverage of other firm resources including cross-portfolio collaboration between our companies. ESG data is a core tool we use during the investment period to drive value – we track ESG key performance indicators (KPIs) across our investments for issues which are systemically important (such as diversity of boards and management teams), and several of our larger funds also track bespoke, material ESG KPIs for each controlled portfolio company. You can read more about our approach to ESG data here.